Emerging Technologies Face Potential Export Restrictions Amid US-China Rivalry
The Biden administration is reportedly exploring additional export controls to limit China’s access to advanced computing technologies, including quantum computing and artificial intelligence (AI) software. Discussions are still in early stages, with policymakers and industry experts considering how to define and implement restrictions on these emerging fields, according to sources familiar with the deliberations.
These potential measures follow sweeping regulations introduced earlier this month, aimed at curbing Beijing’s ability to use advanced semiconductors in weapons and surveillance systems. The restrictions also imposed limitations on US citizens and residents participating in Chinese tech firms.
Focus on Quantum and AI
Quantum computing, an experimental technology with the potential to revolutionise computational power and security, is at the centre of these discussions. Quantum machines could one day solve problems far beyond the reach of current computers, including cracking encryption and other cybersecurity measures.
AI software is also being scrutinised for its strategic importance. While the exact parameters of these restrictions remain under review, officials are considering factors like output levels and error correction rates to guide their decisions.
National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan recently highlighted the importance of computing-related technologies, including quantum systems and AI, as critical to maintaining a strategic edge over adversaries. He stressed the role of export controls in securing US dominance in these areas.
Global Implications
The move to expand restrictions could heighten tensions with China and force other nations to choose sides between the world’s two largest economies. According to sources, the US has shared preliminary ideas on these measures with its allies, seeking to align approaches on controlling access to advanced technologies.
Understanding Quantum Computing
Quantum computers operate fundamentally differently from conventional machines. While traditional computers process data in binary form (ones and zeros), quantum systems leverage “superposition,” allowing them to exist in multiple states simultaneously. This capability enables quantum computers to perform complex calculations much faster than today’s devices.
However, developing quantum systems remains a challenge due to the extreme cooling mechanisms required to manipulate sub-atomic quantum states. Companies like Google, Microsoft, IBM, and Intel are investing heavily in research to overcome these barriers and unlock the technology’s full potential.
Executive Order on Outbound Investments
In addition to export controls, the administration is reportedly drafting an executive order to scrutinise outbound investments into Chinese technologies, including quantum computing and AI. This mechanism may incorporate elements from legislation championed by Senators Bob Casey and John Cornyn, targeting critical tech investments that could bolster China’s strategic capabilities.
The Biden administration’s focus on advanced technologies underscores the high stakes in the ongoing competition with China, as both nations vie for dominance in fields poised to define the future of innovation and security.
