Experts Warn of the Likely Comeback of Respiratory Viruses Amid Eased Restrictions
The gradual reopening of international borders and relaxed COVID-19 restrictions may herald the return of respiratory illnesses like influenza, according to infectious disease specialists in Singapore.
Decline of Respiratory Viruses
Respiratory infections sharply decreased following Singapore’s implementation of stringent COVID-19 measures during its “circuit breaker” in April 2020. These measures, such as social distancing and travel bans, significantly curtailed the transmission of viruses, explains Dr Matthias Maiwald from KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital.
The Disease Outbreak Response System Condition (DORSCON) framework, used to manage outbreaks like COVID-19, categorises Singapore’s pandemic status into Green, Yellow, Orange, and Red levels. During the “Orange” phase, international travel restrictions played a significant role in suppressing influenza spread, according to Dr Maiwald.
Absence of Influenza Cases
Singapore recorded virtually no cases of influenza over the past two years, noted Prof Paul Tambyah of the National University Hospital. This trend is supported by Ministry of Health surveillance data showing negligible instances of influenza A and B during this period.
The reasons for influenza’s global disappearance remain uncertain. Theories suggest cross-protection between influenza and coronaviruses or variations in their transmission methods, noted Prof Tambyah. However, relaxed measures and resumed travel are likely to reverse this trend.
Implications of a Resurgence
Experts predict a resurgence of influenza once international travel fully resumes. Associate Professor David Lye of Nanyang Technological University warns that reduced exposure during the pandemic could lead to heightened susceptibility.
Dr Maiwald highlighted that the return of influenza might be accompanied by more severe outbreaks, with risks of novel strains like H2N1 or re-emergence of older subtypes such as H2N2, last seen in 1968. A new strain could pose significant mortality risks, especially among younger individuals, as seen during the 1918 and 2009 pandemics.
Vaccination as a Key Measure
Experts recommend influenza vaccinations alongside COVID-19 immunisation, particularly for high-risk groups. Dr Esther Tan of Singapore General Hospital advises individuals over 65 or those with chronic conditions such as diabetes or lung disorders to get vaccinated to mitigate severe outcomes.
As the world adapts to endemic COVID-19, vigilance against influenza remains crucial. Health measures like vaccinations, monitoring, and preparedness for new strains will play a critical role in minimising risks from respiratory viruses.
