Parliament gives green light for “Nusantara” relocation
Indonesia’s bold plan for a new capital
On January 15, the Indonesian parliament officially approved the relocation of the nation’s capital from Jakarta, on the island of Java, to East Kalimantan in Borneo. This move is aimed at addressing the challenges faced by Jakarta, including severe congestion, frequent flooding, and rapid land subsidence.
A name reflecting Indonesia’s heritage
President Joko Widodo, popularly known as Jokowi, selected the name “Nusantara” for the new capital. Derived from Javanese, the term means “archipelago,” symbolising Indonesia’s geography. The decision was made after evaluating 80 potential names, according to National Development Planning Minister Suharso Monoarfa.
Covid-19 caused delays
Initially announced in 2019, the ambitious plan was delayed due to the pandemic. While the timeline for completion remains uncertain, the first phase of construction, focusing on roads and ports, will occur between 2022 and 2024. Until then, Jakarta will retain its status as the capital, awaiting a presidential decree.
The US$32 billion project
The move, with an estimated cost of US$32 billion, is expected to reduce the strain on Jakarta, home to 10 million people. Java’s dominance in economic activity has created regional imbalances, with over half of Indonesia’s GDP originating from the island. The government aims to redistribute wealth and promote growth in Kalimantan, which is four times larger than Java but sparsely populated.
Environmental concerns and sustainability goals
Despite aspirations to create a low-carbon “super hub” that fosters sustainable growth, environmentalists have raised alarms. They warn that relocating the capital could accelerate deforestation in East Kalimantan, threatening rainforests inhabited by orangutans, sun bears, and other wildlife.
Criticism over the chosen name
Some critics argue that “Nusantara” might cause confusion, as the term is also used to describe the entire Indonesian archipelago. Additionally, questions have arisen about the decision to use a Javanese term for a capital located in Kalimantan.
Jakarta’s challenges continue
Jakarta, one of the world’s fastest sinking cities, loses up to 25 centimetres of ground annually due to excessive groundwater extraction. Moving the capital reflects Indonesia’s efforts to address environmental, economic, and urban challenges while envisioning a more balanced future for the nation.
